Curtains
To visually increase the height of the room, it is recommended to hang curtains and tulle from the ceiling to the floor. But there are also standard values for placing the curtain rod above the window and formulas for calculating the length and width of the curtains.
- 15-20 cm is the optimal distance between the cornice and the upper edge of the window opening.
- W + 20-30% is the length of the cornice, where W is the width of the window.
- P - 1 cm - the height of the curtains “to the floor”, where P is the distance from the cornice to the floor.
- P - 5 cm - the height of shortened curtains that do not reach the floor.
- P + 20 cm - the height of the curtains lying on the floor.
- B - 1 cm - for short curtains “in the window sill”, where B is the height from the cornice to the window sill.
- B + 10-15 cm - for short curtains below the window sill level.
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- D x 2 is the width of the curtain made of thick fabric with drapery, where D is the length of the cornice.
- L x 2.5 - the width of the canvas made of medium-density fabric with drapery.
- L x 3.5 - the width of the curtain made of thin, easily draped fabric.
Instagram @prosvirin_designFor all calculations of the width of curtains, experts advise adding 10 cm to the allowances on the sides of the canvas.
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Quantities
Area, length, width, height and other designations of a similar nature are not only physical, but also mathematical quantities.
Their single letter designation (used by all countries) was established in the mid-twentieth century by the International System of Units (SI) and is still used to this day. It is for this reason that all such parameters are indicated in Latin, and not in Cyrillic letters or Arabic script. In order not to create certain difficulties, when developing design documentation standards in most modern countries, it was decided to use almost the same conventions that are used in physics or geometry.
Any school graduate remembers that depending on whether a two-dimensional or three-dimensional figure (product) is depicted in the drawing, it has a set of basic parameters. If there are two dimensions, these are width and length, if there are three, height is also added.
So, first, let's find out how to correctly indicate length, width, height in the drawings.
Length is a quantity that characterizes the length of a line. Article on the topic: Where can you restore furniture?
And height is a perpendicular dropped to the opposite plane.
That is, we can conclude that the length differs from the height in that it is part of the figure, coinciding with its edge, and the height is obtained as a result of additional construction in the drawing.
Height is carried out in order to obtain new data for solving problems, as well as new figures as part of the original one.
Mirrors
In order to see yourself in reflection entirely, it is not necessary to install a floor mirror or attach a mirror sheet from ceiling to floor. There are universal calculations that will help you choose the optimal size.
- 20-30 cm - the distance from the floor to the bottom edge of a full-length mirror, in which a person can be seen completely with shoes on their feet.
- +20 cm must be added to the height of the tallest family member to calculate the height of the full-length mirror.
- 20-40 cm is the distance between the surface of the sink and the bottom edge of the mirror in the bathroom.
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Drawing dimensions on drawings - rules and examples of designations
As a rule, entire design bureaus prepare projects, after which the drawings are transferred to assembly areas for manufacturing. To avoid discrepancies in their reading, there are special standards called GOSTs. They give clear recommendations on how to put down dimensions correctly and what symbols can be used to indicate certain elements.
Length
As already mentioned, in mathematics, length, height, width are three spatial dimensions. Moreover, if width is a linear dimension in the transverse direction, then length is in the longitudinal direction. Considering it as a quantity of physics, one can understand that this word means a numerical characteristic of the length of lines.
In English this term is called length. It is because of this that this value is denoted by the capital or lowercase initial letter of the word - “L”. Like width, length is measured in meters or their multiples (multiples).
Factors taken into account when designing steps
There are not many components in a building structure, but careful and competent calculation of parameters is important:
- march width;
- width of steps;
- the angle at which the steps are inclined;
- step height.
The layout of the building directly affects the shape of the staircase. The width of the opening, span and length of steps will depend on this. The standard (usable) width is 1 m. In such an area, two people can pass each other, and there is enough space to carry bulky loads.
Flights of stairs for apartment buildings should not be made less than 80 cm, in two-story buildings - at least 90 cm. In high-rise buildings this parameter is 105 cm, in public buildings - 135 cm. The maximum size of flights is allowed up to 140 cm in residential buildings, up to 240 cm - in public. For each individual case, the indicators will be different, which means that you need to take into account all the features of the room.
The steps of the spiral staircase are much narrower; there are no flights in it. The structure is necessary solely for climbing to the upper floor and has no other utilitarian functions. This model saves space and serves as an original decor for the room.
Single bed
The model, designed for 1 person, is a simple and at the same time rational option for a place to relax and sleep. It takes up very little space, does not require transformation, the standard size of a single bed makes it easy to choose an orthopedic mattress and purchase inexpensive bed linen. The product is suitable for both adults who prefer to relax on an individual bed, and for teenagers.
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The length of the bed allows it to be used as a long-term purchase: by purchasing such furniture for a preschooler, you will provide him with a comfortable sleeping place for many years, and special removable edges-limiters (there are hard ones) will help ensure safety during the period of maturation of the nervous system and the danger of rolling onto the floor. , and soft ones in the form of various toys).
Table of standard sizes No. 6. Single beds in different countries.
| Manufacturer country | Russia | Europe | Asia | America |
| Length(cm) | 186-205 | 190-200 | 188 | 190 |
| Width(cm) | 70-90 | 90 | 106 | 97 |
Optimal sizes of kitchen furniture.
The height and depth of work cabinets and tables correspond to the dimensions of gas and electric stoves. The depth of cabinets and tables in small kitchens can be reduced to 500 mm. However, in this case, the slabs will protrude above the common front of the cabinets and tables.
The height of the working cabinets and tables (850 mm) was taken based on the convenience of working in the kitchen for a housewife of average height (158-160 cm). This size is adjusted taking into account the individual height of the owner and is determined empirically. However, in this case, it is necessary to take into account the height of the slabs.
The depth of wall cabinets and shelves is 300 mm. Cabinets and shelves can be made smaller, but taking into account the size of the dishes and equipment they are intended to store.
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Units of length edit edit code
Metric system edit edit code
The metric system is considered the most convenient of all those invented because of its simplicity. The metric system is based on the unit of measurement meter. All other units of measurement are multiples of powers of ten from a meter (for example, a kilometer is 10³ meters, etc.), which makes calculations easier. Until 1960, the meter had a special standard, now stored at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, located in the city of Sèvres (a suburb of Paris, France). Today, by definition, a meter is equal to the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
British American system edit edit code
The original English units of length were the mile, yard, foot and inch. The mile came to England from Ancient Rome, where it was defined as a thousand double steps of an armed Roman soldier
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Old Russian system edit edit code
In Ancient Rus', the measure of length, weight, etc. was a person. This is indicated by the names of length measures: cubit (distance from the end of the extended middle finger of the hand or clenched fist to the elbow bend), span (distance between the extended thumb and index finger), fathom (distance from the end of the fingers of one hand to the end of the fingers of the other) and others [1].
In particular, the arshin was associated with the length of a human step. However, the need to unify measurement systems with the British one in connection with the development of international trade required the introduction of the so-called “state yardstick” during the time of Peter I. It was a measuring ruler with metal tips bearing the state mark. The official arshin was equal to 28 English inches and divided into 16 vershok. [2]
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the number of indexes of the line follows the dimensional circle of the car with signs
Built-in model
After preparing the space for the built-in wardrobe, determine the appropriate dimensions:
- For height, the following rule is obvious: in order to extract maximum functionality from the wall, the furniture must be “under the ceiling”.
- The depth of the wardrobe with a hanger bar, which is planned to be used for storing clothes, is 50–55 cm. For a compartment with a sliding system, the depth will be 60–65 cm. For a shallower option (30–35 cm), it is important to take into account that the walls of the furniture will need to be secured to the wall for stability.
- The width is selected in accordance with the length of the wall or niche prepared for the built-in structure.
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Having determined the dimensions, proceed to measurements. It is important to understand how all measurements are taken, because not every niche or wall has the correct geometry. What measurements will be needed:
- The height and width of the back wall in three places. Verticals are measured in the middle and at both edges.
- Measurements are also taken in three places, departing from the back wall a length equal to the depth of the future structure.
Calculation of parts is very important when making furniture yourself. You should move on to it after preparing the drawings and calculating all the necessary dimensions. It is also necessary to calculate the cabinet to understand the cost of its manufacture. It is possible that the amount saved will be quite insignificant, and it would be better for the owner to order it from professional furniture manufacturers.
