Basic requirements for furniture and toys in preschool educational organizations

Olga Krupchenko, March 6, 2013

In order to open a private kindergarten, it is necessary to develop a good business plan, which definitely includes such expense items as furniture for kindergarten and play furniture for kindergartens. At some point, an entrepreneur faces a pressing question: what is the best furniture to buy for a kindergarten? With limited funds, you have to buy economy class children's furniture.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a children's bed for a private kindergarten? Which play furniture to choose for kindergartens? Are there parameters and criteria that you can rely on when choosing children's furniture for preschool institutions? How much will you have to spend on furniture when opening a private kindergarten? You will find answers to all these questions in this review.

An approximate cost item for furniture is at least 120,000 rubles. for 20 people. This list includes: children's beds, tables and chairs, lockers for changing rooms, cabinets for drying clothes, banquettes or benches, a wardrobe for staff, shelving for toys, play furniture for kindergartens, cabinets for storing educational materials, tables and chairs for teachers, furniture for the head’s office, kitchen equipment (if food is ordered, then only tables and chairs). In addition, you may need equipment for a gym, music classes, and a living corner. Children's slides are especially popular with children and are the most frequently broken equipment in a children's club or kindergarten. In order to open a private kindergarten and not go broke, you need to think carefully about what to spend your money on.

GOST requirements for furniture for preschool institutions and private kindergartens

What are the requirements for furniture for a kindergarten and what should you pay attention to when choosing furniture for a kindergarten?

Safety of children's furniture and strength of the material. The most durable material for children's furniture: high-quality laminated MDF, solid birch, beech (antibacterial properties), oak, maple, pine. It is also acceptable to use furniture made from approved chipboard (class E1), plywood, and wood. (For example, changing room benches can be purchased from chipboard, as this is cheaper and they are quite durable). Melamine-coated tables should not be used in enclosed spaces. In fact, the entire laminated chipboard is covered with melamine film, and from the point of view of GOST this is not considered dangerous, but if a child suddenly chews or licks such a coating, which may well be the case in younger groups, then for safety reasons it is better not to buy such tables and chairs . Melamine is also harmful if it comes into contact with heat.

​ Reminder of key points

1. Choose the material . The price depends on it.
2. Study the quality of the materials used. It must be confirmed by relevant certificates. The health of children depends on it.
3. Choose the type of construction . Consider your own preferences.
4. Check the reliability of the manufacturer . See experience in this field, documents and product certificates.
5. Check the warranty from the manufacturer. This is an indicator of the supplier's confidence in its own products.

GOST: basic requirements for preschool institutions

When choosing a room, you should be guided by the requirements of sanitary services, so the ceiling height of the main rooms should be at least 3 m. Wardrobes should be equipped with shelves for hats and hooks for clothes. For preparatory children, it is recommended to use tables with a variable inclined lid up to 30 degrees. Chairs must be set with a table of the same height group.

Installation of tables in kindergartens:

Requirements for tables: The working surfaces of tables must be light matte, resistant to warm water and detergents. Tables are installed near a light-carrying wall with mandatory left-side lighting of the workplace. The distance between the rows of tables should be at least half a meter, the distance of the first row from the light-carrying wall is a meter.

Sizes of beds for kindergarten: beds for children under 3 years old should have a length of 120 cm, a width of 60 cm, a fence height from the floor of 95 cm, a height from the floor of 30-50 cm. 3-7 years: length 140 cm, width - 60 cm and height 30 cm. Beds are installed with a distance between lengths - 0.65 m, from external walls 0.6 m, from heating - 0.2 m, between the headboards of the beds there must be at least 0.3 m.

The play area must be at least 3.55 x 1.2 m to accommodate all the play furniture for the kindergarten.

Dimensions of school furniture and its markings.

Furniture must be digitally and color coded

. The color coding of school furniture should be visible from the aisle between the rows; it is applied on both sides of the table (desk), chair in the form of a circle with a diameter of 22 mm or a horizontal strip with a width of 20 mm.

Table 1.16.

The school currently uses chalkboards

several types:

For writing with chalk;

For writing with a felt-tip pen;

For writing with chalk with a staff (musical);

Cork for advertisements.

Boards made from enameled steel sheet are convenient.

Depending on the color of the enamel, writing boards are used with chalk (green) and dry erase markers (white).

When equipping classrooms, the following passage dimensions and distances must be observed:

Between rows of double tables - at least 60 cm;

Between the rows of tables and the outer longitudinal wall - at least 50-70 cm;

Between the rows of tables and the internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets standing along this wall - at least 50-70 cm;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70 cm, from the rear wall, which is the outer wall - at least 100 cm, and if there are reversible classrooms - 120 cm;

From the demonstration table to the teaching board - at least 100 cm;

From the first desk to the blackboard - 2.4 - 2.7 m;

The greatest distance between a student’s last place and the blackboard is 860 cm;

The height of the bottom edge of the board above the floor is 80-90 cm.

Desks, tables and chairs are arranged in the classroom by number: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are further away; for children with reduced visual acuity and hearing, desks, regardless of size, are placed in front. If visual acuity is sufficiently corrected with glasses, students can sit in any row.

Schoolchildren with rheumatic diseases, who are often ill (sore throat, acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract), must be seated further from the outer wall.

At least 2 times a year, students sitting in rows I and III are changed places, without disturbing the correspondence of the furniture to their body length.

The teacher's observation of the child during the lesson makes it possible to note deviations from the correct posture and subsequently determine their causes.

The width of the workplace at the table should be equal to the sum of the lengths of two forearms with hands, plus 3-4 cm for freedom of seating. The height of the chair should be equal to the length of the lower leg with an addition of 2 cm for the height of the heel.

The depth of the chair should be no less than 2/3 and no more than 3/4 of the length of the thigh.

It is necessary to pay special attention to cases when the dimensions of the desk (table), chair correspond to the dimensions of the person sitting behind them, and the child’s seat does not correspond

hygienic requirements. This indicates a lack of developed skill in proper landing.

Instructions

Select furniture according to the height of the children. Furniture for kindergarten is available in three sizes. It is possible that chairs and tables will have to be filed or, conversely, knocked down. As a rule, tables and chairs are marked with geometric shapes. Mark a table and a set of chairs intended for children of the same height with the same shape - a circle, triangle or square. Draw an icon on the corner of the table and the backs of the chairs. A variety of materials can be used for this. It is best to apply it with oil paint. You can cut out figures from colored paper, stick them on and varnish them. In this case, you should not use colored tape, as it peels off very quickly. Make a list of children who sit at the same table.

Lockers where children leave their clothes must also be labeled. Plexiglas pockets are very convenient for this. They are attached to the cabinet doors, and then a picture is inserted into them. But pockets are not always included in the package, so they need to be cut out. Thin plexiglass will do. Cut or order squares approximately 6x6cm in size and screw them to the doors. It is advisable to buy or make 3 identical sets of pictures so that the markings on the cabinets in the locker room and washroom, as well as on the cribs, are the same. Now special sets of pictures for marking are being produced; they are made of self-adhesive materials, so plexiglass pockets are optional.

Cots, as well as washroom cabinets, must be double labeled. The pictures are used to help children find their things. But cribs and towel lockers are also marked with numbers. Paint them with oil paint. Lists should also be compiled and posted in a visible place. The first column of such a list contains the number of the crib or locker, and the second column contains the child’s last and first name.

In a child care facility, kitchen utensils must be labeled. In a regular municipal kindergarten, children usually eat in a group. The nanny brings lunch. Each pan should be labeled with what dish it is intended for. The largest ones are marked “1 course”, “3 course”. A slightly smaller pan is reserved for the side dish and labeled “2nd course.” In it, the nanny brings porridge for breakfast. Separate dishes are needed for meat dishes, for salad and for bread. A corresponding inscription is made on each item. The markings are applied with oil paint.

It is also necessary to label the buckets that the nanny uses during wet cleaning. The same bucket can be used in the playroom and bedroom, but the toilet should have its own, appropriately marked. The same applies to floor rags. The one used to wash toilet floors should have a red marking on it. It could simply be a piece of red fabric sewn to a rag. Mops should also be marked.

In nursery groups, the teacher examines the children in the morning. He takes their temperature and looks at their throats. There should be 2 cans for spatulas. They also need to be marked with oil paint. On one there is the inscription “Clean spatulas”, on the other - “Dirty spatulas”.

The substrate consists of a ceramic element with a high alumina content. This gives very good insulation on which the resistive element is mounted.

Connections also play an important role. They must create reliable contact between the resistive element and the resistor chip, and also provide a high level of conductivity. This is achieved by using a nickel-based intermediate layer and a tin-based outer layer to ensure good soldering.

Surface mount resistors come in a variety of standard sizes. Technologies do not stand still and therefore the sizes of radio components are constantly decreasing. In 2014, the usual size for an SMD resistor was 0.05 millimeters.

Which beds to choose for a preschool institution

For a private kindergarten - ordinary children's beds are not suitable, as a rule, due to lack of space.
In this case, you can opt for cots for kindergarten with a solid base. Or buy folding beds that hide one inside the other. Or they are placed one on top of the other. Like Stackable Beds from the designer Müller Möbelwerkstätten. It is not recommended to use bunk beds in kindergartens. (The use of bunk beds in kindergartens is only possible with agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service). But if the room is small, it is entirely permissible to install folding beds and cots for kindergartens with a solid base in kindergartens. Roll-out beds for kindergartens help to significantly save space, but not all parents will like such sleeping places - firstly, it is unhygienic when one child climbs on someone else’s bed to lie down in his own, or the teacher will have to pick up the child every time and take him off top bed. Secondly, although such beds are cheap (about 5,500 rubles), they still take up a lot of space and make cleaning the room difficult. Pull-out beds for gardens do not slide in completely along with the bed linen. If you decide to purchase just such beds, choose at least double ones, not triple ones.

You can also use a child's chair and a Comfort bed for sleeping. The chair can be pulled out during sleep and reassembled after a quiet hour. True, it is unknown how the sanitary services will look at this, because such a chair is problematic to wash.

The most functional, safe and small are adjacent beds for kindergarten. As a rule, there are four beds together. There are also double beds for kindergarten.

Not enough space to put beds? There is an exit.

Do you want to increase your play space or arrange your beds comfortably?
Roll-out or two-tier options will help you. They are allowed by GOST. It is important to have a special place for individual storage of bedding.

The roll-out beds offered by our company have an increased height of the tiers, which will allow you to leave bed linen on the sleeping places when folding the structure. Also, for ease of use, the models are equipped with stoppers that fix the crib at the maximum extended level.

As for stationary bunk beds. They must be equipped with safety sides at least 30 cm high and a ladder suitable for the height of the baby.

It is important that the arrangement of furniture allows free passage between beds, beds and external walls, beds and heating appliances.

Children's tables and chairs for children for preschool

Children are not Hercules, and therefore you should pay attention to weight. Chipboard chairs are not afraid of moisture, but are much heavier than plastic or plywood chairs. At the same time, plastic chairs are less durable than chipboard chairs. Chairs made of plywood without special treatment are afraid of moisture and can easily delaminate, although there is furniture made of high quality plywood.

Children's high chairs made of plastic are hard and slippery, although they are lightweight and inexpensive.

The best choice is plastic or wicker chairs - light, comfortable, colorful, if they break, they are very inexpensive. Or classic wooden ones, optimally made of solid wood.

Characteristics of SMD resistor

SMD resistors are manufactured by various companies. Therefore, the characteristics of elements with the same rating can differ greatly from each other. There are several basic parameters that you need to pay attention to.

The power rating requires special attention. For surface mount resistor designs, the level of power that can be dissipated is less than for wirewound components.

Due to the fact that SMD resistors are made using a metal oxide film, they have relatively similar tolerance values. However, deviations within 5, 2 and 1 percent are the most common. For special parts the values ​​can be 0.5 and 0.1 percent.

SMD resistors usually have a good temperature coefficient. Values ​​of 25, 50 and 100 units of pulse modulation per 1°C are most common.

Determining the quality of children's furniture

Before you make your choice, and there are really many manufacturers of garden furniture, you need to know what to look for when purchasing.

The most durable furniture is made from solid birch or beech. In second place is furniture made of MDF, chipboard, followed by furniture made of plastic and resin, and in last place is furniture made of plywood. With modern technologies, even such furniture can be made of high quality and not breakable. For example, the manufacturer of furniture for kindergartens “Ivushka” creates durable and beautiful furniture from veneered birch.

• There should be no curvature or vibrations in the fastenings of chairs and tables.
• Quality of accessories - if the components bend easily, it is better not to buy such a product.
• Too bright colors can have a negative effect on the psyche of children, so preference should be given to pastel colors.
• There are no handles on the doors - this is a reason to think about the quality of the product from this manufacturer.
• If the beds do not have stiffeners, this is a sign of a low-quality and unstable product.

Size tables for tables and chairs for preschool children

Main dimensions of tables and chairs for toddlers and preschool children (according to GOST 19301.1,2-73)

Sizes of beds for children of toddler and preschool age (according to GOST 19301.3-73), mm.

Manufacturers of furniture for kindergartens prices

The price of a product depends on many factors, primarily on the material. Of course, the cheapest furniture is made from chipboard, plywood, and plastic. Every manufacturer of furniture for kindergartens strives to create a product that can be purchased. But the buyer focuses primarily on price and quality.

Coming soon - read the review of garden furniture manufacturers.

The photo shows the products (from top to bottom):

• Factory "Ivushka", furniture made of birch veneer.
• Stackable Beds from designer Müller Möbelwerkstätten.
• Vector-M bed, 2540 rub.
• Set of play furniture from Andrey Pervy Frog company 9000 rub.
• Bed Moth, 4012 rub.
• Double bed from , 2103 rub.

So what is a furniture height group?

The very concept of “growth group” arose from considerations of the healthy development of the child’s body. To develop correct healthy posture in children, it is necessary that they not only lead an active lifestyle, but also sit correctly at their desks on the right chairs. For this purpose, height groups were developed, in which the height of the chair and table depend directly on the height of the child, and take into account the peculiarities of the child’s seating position.

Important! When selecting furniture, you need to consider that:

• with your knees bent 90 degrees, your feet should be in full contact with the floor;
• there must be a space of at least 110 mm between the knees and the tabletop for free movement,
• the front edge of the chair should not be closely adjacent to the popliteal hollows, the lower part of the thigh should be free from the pressure of the chair,
• the forearm of the hand, bent at the elbow 90 degrees, should lie calmly without tension on the tabletop,
• the back of the chair should provide back support in two places (lumbar region, lower part of the shoulder blades),
• There should be free space between the chair seat and the backrest.

All of the above conditions are met in growth groups. And knowing the height of your child, you no longer have to run around all the stores with a tape measure and try on furniture. It’s enough to just decide on this same growth group.