Varieties of furniture hinges and materials for manufacturing elements

For some, furniture hinges are something unimportant that is not worth attention. After all, this is just a small mechanical device, which also looks quite fragile.

For this reason, furniture hinges are often selected based on price; the lower it is, the better. But this is a mistake, a furniture hinge is not just some kind of “element” of furniture. It plays an important function - it connects the facade with the body of the furniture and allows you to open and fix the doors. Therefore, if the hinge is chosen incorrectly, the consequences will be very unpleasant, including destruction of the furniture.

Kinds

Today, the supporting fastening mechanism for modern furniture is manufactured in a huge range. A variety of furniture hinges, their versatility makes it possible to enjoy using kitchen sets, bedside tables, and easily close and open drawers, cabinets, and doors. Furniture hinges are divided into types according to their purpose, design features, and installation:

invoices;
semi-overhead;
internal;
corner;
inverse;
piano;
card;
mezzanine;
secretory;
gallery;
card;
pendulum;
heel

Overhead and semi-invoice

Classic locking mechanisms are used for furniture, entrance, and interior doors. It has different shapes, sizes, and can withstand loads well. They ensure free opening and closing of the cabinet door at an angle of 90, support the doors at the required level, and prevent distortion. The hinges on the cabinet are attached with the main part to the side inner wall of the furniture.

Furniture holders differ from overhead holders in the bend of the base. The mechanism is fixed when it is necessary to mount two doors at once on one of the side doors, opening in different directions. Typically, such hinges are used for kitchen sets.

Semi-overhead

Semi-overhead and slip-on

Semi-overhead

Invoices

Internal and corner

Furniture fittings have a general resemblance to a semi-overlay hinge, but with a deeper bend, mounted inside the body of the product, ideal for wooden cabinet doors and heavy cabinet doors. The mechanisms are attached at different angles to furniture doors, are widely used for corner cabinets, and have different configurations depending on the intersection of the installation planes. Corner hinges are produced for installation at an angle of 30°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 175°. They may have built-in or separate closers that allow the door to open smoothly.

Corner

Domestic

Inverse and piano

Connection for furniture with a rotation angle of 180, widely used for the doors of built-in bedside tables and cabinets. The hinge securely connects the side post and the door, forming a straight line.

The connecting holder consists of two perforated plates, movably fastened to each other. Despite the fact that the furniture hinge is considered an outdated option, it is installed on swinging facades and in other products.

Piano hinges

Piano

Inverse

Card

The design of the hinge for connecting furniture elements is similar to a piano mount. The fittings, consisting of two parallel plates connected by a hinge, are attached to the facade and frame through holes located along the edges. The mechanism comes in different sizes and is mainly used for retro furniture design and jewelry boxes.

Mezzanines and secretaries

The hinge is similar to an overhead fastener and is installed on the doors of kitchen wall cabinets. Fixed for vertical opening. Its main element is the spring.

Furniture hinges are designed for small desks with folding boards and front walls of cabinet furniture. A special feature of the mechanism is double adjustment, the presence of a secretory bracket, and convenient standard milling of holes with a diameter of 35 mm.

Secretaries

Mezzanine

Gallery and card shops

The hinge, by its design, is considered the most popular fastener when it is necessary to connect a facade to a false panel at an angle of 90°. The fittings allow doors of any size or shape to close easily and silently.

A furniture holder designed for folding fronts is most often used in the production of kitchen tables. It is fixed at the ends of the connecting parts of the structure, which allows you to open the door 180 degrees.

Adit

Card

Pendulum and heel

The main feature of the fastening is the ability to open the structure in different directions. The mechanism, being a type of door hardware, ensures that doors open 180 degrees. The loop has a highly specialized application; during installation, it requires correct and precise adherence to the instructions.

A simple type of hinge is mounted in the top and bottom corners of the box, secured using small cylindrical rods. The mechanism operates on the principle of hinged canopies. They are used in the manufacture of kitchen cabinets with light-weight doors for small spaces. The installation of hinges on glass facades is being considered.

Heel

Pendulum Pendulum

Pendulum

Planting cup

The most common diameter of the loop cup is 35 mm. There are models with 26 mm and 40 mm cups. You can drill out seats in the body of a door made of chipboard or MDF using a milling cutter. Pay attention to the depth of the cutter and the thickness of the facade. The mass reserve under the cup should be at least 3 - 4 mm.

The location of the holes along the height of the door is not limited in any way. Make markings for the hinges on the facade at a distance of ¼ of the length from the top and bottom of the door.

Keep the edge of the recess circle from the end of the facade at a distance of 4 - 5 mm. It's best to use a template.

Manufacturing materials

An important requirement for all furniture fittings is their compliance with safety standards. Simple auxiliary products, providing movable movement of furniture parts, are manufactured using special technology using various materials. When making connecting fasteners, the manufacturer takes into account the types and significance of furniture products, and based on this, the required fastening is selected.

When choosing hinges, it is necessary to take into account their basic characteristics: the quality of the material, their functionality, versatility, and the appearance of the model. The most popular and in demand are connecting mechanisms made of brass and steel. They are considered the most reliable, durable, do not corrode, have good glide, and do not deform.

An important point in the versatility and quality of the product is simple installation and the ability to adjust furniture hinges. Modern fastening structures allow you to adjust the facade along the vertical, horizontal and depth planes. Various types of settings are presented in the video.

Steel

Brass

Tips for choosing

A properly selected furniture hinge will ensure long-term use of the furniture. It is worth paying attention not only to the cost of products, but also to the main characteristics. Recommendations from experts will help you decide:

The method of opening the door and the dimensions of the hinge are specified. Small facades require small canopies, and vice versa.
Attention is paid to the manufacturer, the optimal ratio of cost and quality.
During an external inspection of furniture corner hinges, the presence of dents, cracks and other defects is checked.
Fittings must be certified in the Russian Federation; reliable sellers always have supporting documents.
You should trust only specialized stores that sell original products. Qualified consultants will help you make the right choice and provide information on installation and maintenance of products.

Types of furniture guides, their installation and selection criteria

All straight and corner furniture hinges, except cupless ones, are produced with or without closers. The action of this device can be compared to a shock absorber, which ensures smooth, silent closing of doors, without hitting the furniture body. Among the undoubted advantages of such an addition are an increase in the service life of structures, resistance to loads, and protection against leakage of oil and working fluid. The models are adjustable and serve for the tightest fit of surfaces.

For thick facades, hinges with a cup diameter of 45 mm are selected. A good option would be spring reverse models.

Specify the method of opening the door and the dimensions of the hinge

Pay attention to the manufacturer, the ratio of cost and quality

Check for dents, cracks and other defects

Installation and adjustment

To correctly install furniture fittings, no special knowledge is required, the main thing is to follow the rules and recommendations included when purchasing the product. Before starting work, you need to familiarize yourself with the structure of the holder, its advantages and capabilities. Before installing furniture hinges yourself, you need to choose a rational approach to work, this is:

prepare the necessary tools;
make markings;
drill the necessary holes;
install the loop and adjust.

Before installing hinges, it is necessary to take into account the features of the process. When making markings, adhere to precise distances so that after installing the loops, they do not come into contact. Furniture fastening elements must be on the same axis. To do this, use a building level for leveling.

When making the depth of the holes, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the material from which the furniture is made.

The final stage of installation is adjusting the fittings. The adjustment procedure requires a responsible attitude because how correctly the adjustment is carried out depends on the functionality of the furniture. One of the ways to adjust this in depth is to press or weaken the facade to the body. By tightening the oval holes, you can tighten the facade as it sagging. Lateral adjustment helps to avoid cracks and gaps between the facade and the frame.

Tools

Marking

Drilling holes

Installation

How to install them?

Doing this is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. There is no need to mill and this already makes things easier

It is only important to follow a specific algorithm. It will be clearer if we explain everything using the example of installing this in an apartment:

To begin with, markings are made on the door leaf itself. Usually it is 2.5 centimeters above and below;
The loop must be attached to the marking to mark the points for inserting screws;
The canvas is inserted into the doorway, markings are made for the hinges;
Holes are drilled at the designated points;
Next, the loop is secured to the canvas. You need to check the density. If there are any gaps, tighten the connections. This can be done using thick cardboard or rubber. This point is important. If you ignore it, over time the door will begin to “walk” and slowly pull out the hinge.

Assembly tools

When carrying out any furniture assembly, you must have a manual set of tools, an electric drill. The very first necessary device is a tape measure. For accurate markings, you will need a medium-hard pencil. Hexagon for single-element tie connection of parts. A screwdriver is an indispensable tool for drilling and screwing.

You can set a clear line at an angle using a square. An item that is very helpful when assembling furniture is a slanting knife. The immediate tool for installing fittings is a special drill for furniture hinges. Now, knowing the types and purposes of furniture hinges, as well as how to adjust furniture hinges, you will not have problems with selection and installation.

What to consider?

If suddenly, for some reason, a person needs to choose and buy hinges on his own, then this issue must be approached wisely. And you need to purchase only high-quality awnings, despite the fact that they all look the same on the display case. It is better to take those that are more expensive, but from a trusted manufacturer, than suspiciously cheap ones. Poor quality hinges can:

quickly become loose and require constant adjustment;
start creaking or closing poorly;
break;
start to rust.

How to choose furniture hinges

Important! It is worth refusing to buy Chinese hinges. These structures are very unreliable, as a rule, they collapse very quickly and cease to function. Low-quality alloys are used for their production. And China supplies defective hinges to our markets in very large quantities.

By installing cheap hinges, you can save money only in extremely rare cases. Typically, such structures require early replacement, which means additional costs and a waste of time for dismantling the old loop and installing a new one. The miser pays twice - a saying that is very true when it comes to furniture hinges.

How to choose furniture hinges

Work order

Marking is a very important step when installing hinges. It involves marking the door where the hole for the hinge bowl will be drilled. Moreover, it is important to first find the place where the center of the hole will be located. And here it is important to understand that the number of hinges directly depends on the size of the facade itself and its weight . But in any case, you need to retreat about 7-12 cm from the edge of the door. The distance between installed canopies should not be less than 50 cm, provided that several of them are attached.

Hinge Attachment

Table. Required number of loops.

Options	Number of loops, pcs.
Length up to 1 m, weight – no more than 9 kg	2
Length 1-1.5 m, weight – up to 15 kg	3
Length up to 2 m, weight – up to 20 kg	4
Length 2-2.5, weight no more than 20 kg	5

After marking, you will need to make holes for the hinges. They are performed using a special drill. It is best to place the door on a flat, hard surface, this will make it easier to work with. The depth of the recess should be approximately 1.2-1.3 cm. If you make it deeper, there is a risk of damage to the outside of the facade. And you need to drill the hole clearly vertically.

Diagram: loop fitting dimensions

Important! The cutter must be sharp and preferably new.

After drilling, you can install the hinges, and you will also need to adjust them. Only in this case will the door hang straight.

Calculation of the number of furniture hinges for installation

Features of furniture hinges in the kitchen

The choice of kitchen set must be based on the functions that the cabinets will perform. Thanks to this, it is possible to accurately determine the type of loops. One of the main selection criteria is the material of the fittings. For the kitchen, it is best to choose hinges made of high-quality stainless steel. It is necessary to exclude cheap hinges for kitchen cabinets, since there is a clear relationship between quality and price.

The priority for the kitchen is hinges with a closer. They regulate the closing and opening of doors, slamming is eliminated, and furniture can last longer. To protect yourself, you should purchase products from trusted manufacturers. Such fittings come with a guarantee; they are more durable and will last longer.

Changing the installation angle

If four-hinged hinges do not allow the doors to open to the desired angle, use additional pads. You can purchase them at a furniture supermarket.

The platforms are made of plastic and metal. Place it under the hinge's mounting bar, and the angle will change in the desired direction. For example, a 10-degree overlay can either increase or decrease the installation angle of the façade.

Along with one-dimensional tabs, there are universal ones with angle adjustment. The installation platforms are equipped with a mechanism that changes the angle of inclination of the strike plate (adjustment is carried out using a screwdriver).

Adjusting the angle using a bolt

Varieties

Before you buy Clip Top type hinges produced by Blum, or internal hinges from companies like Boyard and Hettich Sensys, you need to find out what these same types of removable hinges can be.

If you focus on the intended purpose, then the accessories in question are:

We are mainly interested in the first option, that is, furniture internal hinges.

They became widespread, just like overhead loops in their time. Although the latter are used less and less, giving preference to more advanced and functional solutions.

Let's talk about them in more detail.

In addition to its purpose, such fittings may differ in several other principles.

Here we are talking about the following points:

Closer. Older and budget models with a door closer are not included, which somewhat worsens their performance characteristics. Solutions in the form of hinges with closers ensure smooth closing, reduce noise when the hinges operate, and increase comfort of use;
Dimensions and dimensions. Most inset hinges have the same seat cup size, which is 35 mm. A special drill for hinges is provided for them. But the dimensions of the structure itself may differ;
Manufacturer. Even if you initially buy inexpensive furniture, you should not install budget fittings on it. Among the leaders in the production of hinges are Hettich, Blum, Boyard, etc.

When choosing hinges for furniture, look at all the characteristics and parameters.

Do not forget that you will still need to determine the exact amount of fittings.

How to adjust door hinges?

After installation of the structure, final adjustments must be made. All door hinges, mortise or overhead, require adjustment. During installation, defects may have occurred that need to be corrected. If you skip this step, unpleasant consequences will soon appear in the form of creaking, deformation or distortion of the door structure. Interior or entrance door partitions made of wood or metal are subject to deformation due to the large mass of the canvas. The procedure for adjusting door hinges is as follows:

Pinpoint exactly where friction and squeaks occur. To do this, you need to listen to the door during use. You can simply inspect the surface of the structure to identify abrasions.
Use a hex key to loosen one of the hinges. Sometimes the two middle ones are unscrewed at once. This depends on the number of hinges installed on the entrance or interior door.
Gradually move on to loosening the second loop. It should be located close to the point of friction or squeaking.
Carefully remove the door leaf from the frame. Then press it, paying attention to its position. It should be parallel to the box and placed perpendicular to the floor.
Tighten the adjusting nuts on the outer loop. Then shake the canvas with light movements so that all the hinges for the door are installed in their places.
Finally tighten all fasteners and check the accuracy of the settings.

Drawer opening systems

It is trivial to write about what boxes were like before and what they have become now. Everyone has known everything they need about this for a long time. It is better to consider what opportunities are provided by manufacturers for end consumers, what to give preference to and where else they can be used, besides the usual cabinets.

Such systems include roller guides, as well as partial and full extension metaboxes, telescopic ball guides, tandem boxes - they are very diverse, all their differences will be described below. There are also a number of related accessories, for example, railings, boxsides, etc.

Let's start with the fact that more and more people prefer to have lower modules in their kitchen, designed for storing pots, bowls, pans and other utensils, equipped with drawers. We must agree that using such furniture is much more convenient than cabinets with doors. After all, by pulling out a drawer it is much easier to get or put something down; you don’t need to bend over and rummage around in the dark in the recesses of a familiar table. The main thing is that the boxes are durable, withstand a certain load and serve reliably.

Let me say right away that I absolutely do not like ball guides. I came to this conclusion over the years of my acquaintance with them. I consider it inappropriate to give examples, since this may delay the general familiarization with the features and characteristics of retractable systems too much. It is best to install tandem boxes; such self-closing boxes are the dream of any housewife.

They can be divided into the following categories: with metal side walls, designed for the frame of a box made of chipboard, and tandem boxes with an electric drive, which not only can close independently, but are also equipped with an opening function by lightly pressing the front or handle. The latest system was probably invented for the laziest. It is very convenient when it is installed on the lower drawers. Imagine that you almost don't have to bend over at all. Simply, when you approach the desired cabinet, lightly press the handle with your foot, and the drawer slides out on its own. You bend down slightly once to pick up a saucepan, and then lightly push the box again, and it falls into place. Fairy tale! The only thing that bothers me is the price. The most inexpensive system is for a drawer with front, back and side walls made of chipboard.

If you still cannot afford the installation of tandem boxes, then meta boxes will do just fine. It is better if they are fully extended, so it will be much easier to get out of the drawer what is in the depths. Metaboxes differ from conventional rails in that they have sidewalls made of metal, a bottom made of chipboard, the presence of a facade adjustment system, as well as the ability to increase the height of the side walls using rails and boxsides. The advantage of this type of fittings for a kitchen set is the use of a stronger chipboard bottom; it no longer needs to be further strengthened, as happens with a fiberboard bottom. This material is only suitable for use as the back walls of furniture and for drawers of desks and computer tables.

Conventional roller guides can only be used in cabinets with small drawers designed to store spoons, forks and other small items that are usually placed in such a kitchen module. The maximum that can be placed in one of these boxes is several containers for cereals, salt, and sugar.

All drawer systems have different lengths, from 250 to 600 mm. The height of the metal side walls of metaboxes (M) and tandemboxes (T) is: 54 (M), 86 (M; T), 118 (M; T) and 150 (M; T) millimeters.

Roller guides (N) and metaboxes are painted in several of the most popular colors: white (N; M), cream (N; M), steel (N; M), brown (N), black (N).

Such a variety of sizes, colors and other characteristics of kitchen furniture make it possible to design efficiently functioning furniture, even when it would seem impossible to do so.

https://www.remontpozitif.ru

Repulsion systems

Is it possible to open a cabinet without handles? Can. To do this, you can use the repulsion system. Externally, it is very similar to a shock absorber and even performs its functions. But the main feature of this system is that when you press the door, the pusher moves the door to a distance of up to 6 cm, which allows you to open it further by hand without using the handles. In this way, you can make a facade without handles, and at the same time save a lot of money on the latter.

Fig.35.
The cabinet doors do not need to be equipped with handles, but pushers can be installed. When you press the door, the mechanism will push the door away by about 5-6 cm, in which case it will be convenient to open it by hand. This way you can make a very interesting facade without handles.

Repellers come in mortise and overhead types. They are installed similarly to shock absorbers. The difference in installation is that they must be mounted on the wall opposite to where the hinges are installed. To hold the door, pushers can be equipped with magnets. The repeller operation is adjusted by rotating the rod, so you can select the optimal repulsion value.

Repulsion systems can be used for both doors and drawers, together with any other mechanisms, from hinges to elevators.