Linear meter: how to calculate correctly and where to use

Updated July 20, 2022 706 Author: Dmitry Petrov
Hello, dear readers of the KtoNaNovenkogo.ru blog. We are sure that each of you has at least once encountered repairs or visited construction stores.

And probably everyone has heard about such a unit of measurement as a linear meter. And this definition puzzles most people at first.

A logical question arises - what is it? What is it equal to? Is this an ordinary meter, and if so, then why is the word “running” added to it?

In this article we will answer all questions and highlight all the nuances.

How to calculate a linear meter: its differences from a square meter, how to calculate the cost of goods by length

In everyday life, when purchasing various building materials and carrying out work, everyone is accustomed to using metric units of measurement. Therefore, when purchasing long materials, the size of a linear meter leads to misunderstanding for some. But in some cases the use of this term is convenient and necessary.

What is a linear meter

The linear meter is a derivative of the meter, which, in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and other metric systems, is a measure of length and distance and is not a measure of quantity. Numerically, these measures are equal to each other.

Where is this term used?

A linear meter is a unit of measurement for the number of molded products (moldings). This name was given to products that have a relatively small cross-section and significant length.

The concepts of the phrase “molded product” and the word “molding” were formed from the name “linear meter”, which is their unit of measurement.

Molded products include the following:

• fabrics;
• ribbons;
• pipes;
• rolled materials;
• profiles made of polymer materials;
• various cables;
• wood products (plinths, platbands, lining), etc.

Thus, a linear meter is a unit of measurement for molded products, which is used to facilitate their measurement and calculation when purchasing and designing.

How to calculate a linear meter

Using this measurement parameter makes it easier to measure and determine the quantity of goods purchased.

To correctly calculate and select the optimal option, you must:

1. Take measurements of the area of ​​the room. Correct calculation will allow you to avoid large surpluses or shortages of flooring material in the future and avoid additional costs.
2. Select the required width of the linoleum roll, which is equal to the selected side of the apartment, and the other side of the apartment will determine the length of the roll in mp, while sufficient dimensions of the material are selected taking into account allowances.

It should be noted that linoleum of the same type has different widths: 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 3 m and so on. Hence the different area of ​​a roll of 1 linear meter in length.

The area of ​​a segment of 1 meter will be:

• for a linoleum width of 1 m - 1 sq. m;
• for a linoleum width of 2 m - 2 square meters. m.

The area of ​​a segment of 2 m will be:

• for a width of 1 m - 2 square meters. m;
• for a width of 2 m - 4 square meters. m.

Thus, when calculating, we multiply the width by the number of linear meters and get the area of ​​the flooring material.

Approximate calculation of the choice of linoleum for a room with dimensions of 2 m × 3 m:

• if we choose a linoleum width of 2 m, then the length of the roll will be 3 m;
• if we choose a width of 3 m, then the length will be 2 m.

In both cases, the area will be 6 square meters. m.

Approximate calculation of the choice of linoleum for a room with dimensions of 4 m × 1.8 m:

• choose a linoleum width of 4 m (if there is no material with a width of 1.8 or does not exist) with a roll length of 1.8 m;
• the area will be 4 m x 1.8 m = 7.2 sq. m.

Options for areas of regular rectangular shape of small sizes are considered. For large room widths, it becomes necessary to use several strips of flooring material.

In cases where neither side of the room is equal to the width of the roll, calculations depend on each specific case.

Difficulties often arise when calculating and purchasing linoleum when you have made the calculation in linear measurements, and the price tag shows the price of one square meter. m.

How to calculate the cost of floor linoleum in this case:

• the width of the linoleum roll is multiplied by the length, the indicators are taken in meters;
• the result obtained is multiplied by the cost.

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What is meant by linear meter

Mysterious linear units of measurement when purchasing linoleum or boards for lining a bathhouse become a test for a simple buyer. They are not studied in school along with ordinary centimeters and kilograms, and therefore they cause some sincere bewilderment: what they are, how to convert them into understandable and familiar square meters and vice versa.

A linear unit is the length of a product equal to 1 m. The difficulty lies in the fact that different products have different amounts of sq.m in 1 linear meter.

So, for example, one linear meter of linoleum is equal to 2.5 sq.m, and one linear meter of board is equal to 0.5 sq.m.

In addition, this measurement method is usually used in the manufacture of furniture.

How to register a plot of land as your property and carry out land surveying, read the articles at the links.

To find out how many linear meters of kitchen you need to order, simply measure the length of the wall where you plan to install new furniture.

Find out what apartment redevelopment is.

Relation to other units of length

How much is a linear meter?

This parameter represents the usual length of one meter for products with a certain width, such as fabric or linoleum. And calculating the cost of goods by linear meters is much easier than by square meters. For example, you need to buy a piece of carpet of a certain length with a width of 2.5 meters. In this case, calculating square meters will not be particularly convenient, because you will need to calculate the area of ​​the product and then divide it into squares. In general, to carry out quite complex mathematical calculations.

The linear meter is most often used to calculate the cost of such goods:

• textile;
• linoleum;
• carpet;
• finishing film and polyethylene for greenhouses;
• electrical cable;
• finished furniture;
• various cornices and pipes;
• fencing and metal fences.

Online calculator

Below, select the type of material, and a form will open for you to enter the remaining parameters necessary for the calculation! Select the type of material
A linear meter as a concept is used to indicate the length of so-called long materials - pipes, metal sheets, boards, linoleum, plinths, and so on. That is, the length of the object in meters is implied, which does not depend on the width and thickness. Like a regular meter, a linear meter is 100 centimeters. The cost of materials, such as linoleum, directly depends on their width.

What is a linear meter of a kitchen?

The tradition of considering kitchens to be moldings appeared in those carefree times when the furniture was ready-made, and the entire contents of the cabinet consisted of a pair of hinges and a plywood box. The modules came out so standard that recalculation into linear meters actually gave a completely objective picture of the cost.

Then kitchens began to become more complicated, and the cost per linear meter began to stretch. Filling and installation were excluded from it, the tables were simplified, made into a conventional unit and a price range was introduced.

And then custom-made kitchens appeared, focused on fulfilling the desires of each specific customer. The composition of such kitchens can include (or not include) anything at all; they do not at all correspond to the definition given in the first paragraph; naturally do not fall under any of the three consequences; and they fit into the Procrustean bed of a linear meter a little worse than nothing. Honestly speaking, you can just as well count them in kilograms, it will be even more accurate.

As you may have guessed, each word in the listing affects the price. And it has a good effect: the difference in cost can actually be more than an order of magnitude.

You will also need to take into account the options for aprons, countertops, plinths and cornices.

And again about the main thing:

In order to find out the price of your kitchen, it needs to be discussed with you, drawn and calculated. Until all this happens, we can't say how much it will cost you, honestly.

You can read about how differently different people plan the same kitchen

You can look at the calculations of various cuisines and determine the price level.

What is a linear meter and how to calculate it

Why is linear meter counting used?

There is probably no such person who has never encountered the purchase of furniture and building materials

Whether he does it on his own or relies on sales consultants - it doesn’t matter; knowing what this or that concept means is not superfluous for anyone

Accordingly, the phrase “linear meter” is also often heard by everyone. Many people mistakenly confuse it with something else - a square meter. Not everyone knows the difference.

The linear meter was originally invented by product manufacturers. How can an ordinary consumer understand how much of something is needed and what the cost is if craftsmen order materials in linear meters, and stores indicate the cost on the price tag in square meters?

This article provides an explanation of this terminology.

In fact, the concept of a linear meter was invented in order to make life easier for buyers of building materials. Most often it is applied to materials that are made in rolls: linoleum, carpeting. In simple words, this is the definition of one meter for materials with a certain fixed width.

By the way, it is much more convenient to calculate the required length and cost of the material using a linear meter rather than a square one. For example, there was a need to purchase a carpet of a given width - 3 meters, of a certain length. In this case, calculating the number of square meters will be inappropriate, because the width and length are not equivalent, and it will not be possible to conditionally divide the canvas into squares.

This will take time, as well as unnecessary mathematical calculations. Simply put, a linear meter is a meter that everyone knows and the value of which can be calculated using a tape measure or ruler.

The term is also used for calculations related to reinforcement. To do this, the length of all stacks is measured (if they are of different lengths) and multiplied by the weight of one linear meter. For the calculation, there is a special table where the percentage ratio for the building is calculated.

Using linear meters, they are increasingly buying rolls of film for gluing greenhouses, as well as film for restoring kitchen surfaces. The calculation of the amount of table film is the same as for flooring. And in order to calculate the amount needed for a greenhouse, you first need to break the structure into parts, then calculate the length and width of each of them, and only at the end calculate the linear meters.

The range of use of linear meters is wide:

What is the difference between a linear meter and a square meter?

The concept and calculations of a square meter have been known to people since school years. It is used to determine the area of ​​a particular figure or object. The main difference from the linear one is that the width of the product is taken into account here.

For example, to calculate the required amount of linoleum for a room 4 meters long and 3 meters wide, you need to multiply these two indicators - we get 12 square meters. This indicator mainly measures the total area of ​​the room, surface area, area of ​​finishing materials, area including furniture.

How many square meters in 1 linear unit and vice versa

Often, buyers of materials are faced with the need to convert how much of one unit of measurement into another and vice versa. Is it possible to calculate this if a square meter calculates the area, and a linear meter calculates the length? Everything is much simpler than it seems at first glance.

To calculate the same linoleum, we divide one linear meter by the width of the product, resulting in the number of square meters.

Often, owners find themselves in an unpleasant situation when they agree with the repairman who is doing their repairs on the same price for the work performed, which means that it is much higher. Disputes arise due to the fact that the amount of treated area is very different from the area previously provided for and specified in the estimate.

Why the name "running"

But this is a more interesting point. It is believed that the word "running" comes from the Polish "pogon". Translated, this means a cord or harness.

It can be assumed that since in the case of a linear meter we are talking about measurements in length, there was a certain cord that was the standard of measurement. And, most likely, it was exactly 1 meter long.

Interesting fact. The word “running” is also found in ancient Russian measurements. So there was a linear fathom, that is, one that is measured in length. And this is how it differed from the square and cubic fathoms.

So manufacturers of building materials did not come up with something fundamentally new, but simply modernized the forgotten old.

By the way, some believe that army shoulder straps originated from the same Polish “lace”. Apparently, ancient warriors used some kind of bandages as insignia.

True, according to another version, the etymology is completely different. And shoulder straps come from the word “gonar”, which means “honor” and “dignity”. Which is undoubtedly characteristic of the military.

Alternative to linear meter

Many stores calculate prices based on ready-made kitchens. You choose the model you like, see its price, and then change it a little, if necessary. In such cases, it is easier to evaluate a future purchase.

As a result, we see that a linear meter is a value that is used to measure many products, from fabric to kitchen. It specifies the length without specifying the width. In order not to make a mistake in purchasing, you need to clarify all the points. If the Internet refuses to tell you the width, then you shouldn’t take the risk. After all, you can simply lose your money.

Inexperienced or novice builders do not know how to calculate linear meters.

These parameters are used when performing repair or construction work, even when purchasing furniture.

The calculation of a linear meter arises when it is necessary to facilitate the calculation of the quantity of products, for example, linoleum, curtains, carpet, and the like.

This concept is almost no different from the concept of length, only the width of the material is taken into account.

Most often, the width of a certain product or floor covering is considered a standard value and if it is necessary to calculate a linear meter, then they are not taken into account.

To calculate the linear meter of flooring for rooms, it is worth measuring its width and length.

Measurement Tools

To measure the width and length of a room, use a tool such as a tape measure, and if you don’t have a tape measure, you can use a regular measuring tape.

In order not to forget the results, it is best to write them down in a notebook or on a piece of paper, only then can you go shopping in the store. Having all the measurements, you can make a choice yourself or you can turn to sales consultants for help.

Example

For example, if the width of your corridor is two meters and its length is four meters, then you will need to buy four linear meters of flooring, which is two meters wide.

If the store does not have the width of flooring you need, you can purchase two linear meters of flooring whose width is four meters. But in this case, you will have to cut the material in half and cover the floor with two covering sheets.

• Take measurements very carefully and carefully, this is necessary so that there are no errors in the calculations. If the calculations for a linear meter of material are incorrect, then it will not be possible to return it to the store.
• To calculate the required amount of flooring, all calculations can be done in square meters. For example, linoleum is made 1.5 - 4 meters wide.
• In stores or markets for building materials or finishing materials, they indicate the cost per linear meter; this will not depend on the width of the building material.

This will make it easier to carry out calculations and determine the price of the required amount of flooring.

Peculiarities

If, for example, when laying, it is permissible to join the material, then when laying carpet, it is not recommended to make joints. For this reason, when purchasing carpet, it is necessary to purchase the required amount of linear meter of material.

The cost of the material will directly depend on its width and the greater the width, the higher the price of the material. To determine the amount you will have to pay for the material, you need to multiply the resulting quantity per linear meter by the price of one linear meter of the material.

Features of flooring calculations

Flooring materials come in a wide variety, and their calculation methods may vary.

If parquet, laminate or ceramic tiles are used for flooring, then its quantity is determined and calculated in square meters. When carpet or linoleum is used, calculations are made in linear meters.

There are different ways to lay linoleum indoors:

1. If the customer is not interested in the number of seams, then there will be a clear saving in material and costs, but the work time will increase.
2. When it is necessary to apply a minimum number of seams, the number of trims of different sizes will be much larger, and the production cycle time will be reduced. At the same time, the cost of purchasing material will increase.
3. There are two types of seam formation. For some materials they are overlapped, for others end-to-end - it is advisable to take this into account when making calculations.
4. If the material has a specific pattern, then it is necessary to match some elements of the pattern, which will entail additional consumption of material.

When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account the bending around various types of protrusions present in the room (pipes, heating elements), and door openings.

In order not to make a mistake in the quantity of the selected material, it is necessary to make calculations taking into account various deviations and features.

What are the differences between meter concepts

The linear measurement is used to measure what can be rolled up. It implies only the length of the product, and its width is not taken into account. With its help, calculations are simplified and production costs are reduced.

After all, often the width of a building material is a standard value, and sometimes there is no point in paying attention to it

This value also consists of 100 cm

The word “running” itself directly indicates that only length is taken into account. After all, “drive” means turning in one direction, strictly in a straight line

You can imagine that the material itself, rolled into a roll, is simply a straight line.

On the packages of rolls of many building materials you can see a price tag, where it is written how much the linear value costs. But there are also those that have a price for a certain area. In this case, not only the length, but also the width of the product is taken into account. An area equal to 1 m2 has a square plot with dimensions on each side of 1 m.

To calculate the area of ​​a rectangular plot or raw materials for construction, you need to multiply the length by the width. The result obtained is the area expressed in m2. Linear and square meters have only one similarity. This is a length of 100 cm. In all other respects they differ.

The linear method cannot measure area; it is only intended to measure length. But it can be easily converted to a square meter if the width of the product is known, which must be multiplied with meters to calculate.

Examples

Let's say the fenced area has the shape of a rectangle with sides of 30 m and 20 m. First of all, we determine how much the perimeter will be. And it will be equal to the length of the fence. To do this, the lengths of the sides are added and multiplied by 2. The perimeter of such a section will be 100 m.

For further calculations, it is enough to know the width of the raw materials used and the height of the fence. For example, it will be equal to 1 m, and the raw material will be corrugated board. As a result, you will need to buy 100 sheets. But just in case, it’s better to buy a little more to have a reserve.

If the width is approximately 2 m, a minimum of 50 sheets will be required. That is, to determine how many sheets are needed, you need to divide the perimeter by the width of the material. In order to determine how many meters of material will be required to build the fence, we multiply the perimeter by the expected height.

That is, to install a meter-long fence along a 100-meter perimeter, 100 linear quantities of building material will be required. To build a two-meter high fence, you will need 200 m of the same building material, and so on.

If the price of one linear value is known, then it is not at all difficult to calculate how much the building materials needed to install the fence will cost.

Let's reveal the secret: how much is 1 linear meter?

Almost every person has definitely heard the expression “linear meter”. For many, this definition remains quite difficult, since it is not at all clear what the difference is between squares. m. from ordinary. What are we talking about?

What is the size of a linear meter

One linear meter is equal to the usual length of one meter. It is used to measure goods that have a certain width, for example, linoleum. Calculating the cost of a product based on linear meters is much easier than calculating the cost per square meter.

For example, you need to purchase a carpet in a store, 2.5 wide and a certain length. It is not very convenient to make a calculation of 1 m2, such a segment is not very convenient. To do this, you need to determine the area of ​​the product. Then divide it into squares. In other words, you need to perform difficult mathematical calculations.

It is much easier to carry out calculations on a linear basis. To determine the cost of the product, you will need to multiply the length of the carpet segment by the number of meters.

There is a fairly large list of goods in which the cost is calculated by the number of linear meters. These include.

• Fabrics.
• Linoleum.
• Carpet.
• Finishing film.
• Rolled polyethylene.
• Electric wires.
• All kinds of pipes.
• Various fences.
• Fences.

Furniture calculation

Many consumers believe that calculation by linear meters only applies to rolled materials. However, this opinion is not entirely correct. When purchasing a product, we are often faced with a certain roll width. Linear lengths often determine the cost of furniture.

To make it clear, let's look at the following example.

The furniture manufacturer made an approximate calculation. To completely fill a three-meter kitchen, taking into account all the furniture details, he will need 30,000 rubles. Consequently, the cost of 1 m of furniture will be 10,000 rubles. In other words, this cost will correspond to the price of one linear meter. Based on these fairly simple mathematical calculations, the furniture manufacturer can tell the customer what the cost of a set of furniture of the corresponding sample will be.

However, it is necessary to take into account one important nuance. When calculating the price per line. m, only the cost of the cheapest fittings and materials was taken into account. Sometimes the cost of fittings is not included in the calculation at all.

Therefore, if you are given a very tempting offer, you must find out what material the product is made of and what fittings are installed on it. In this way, new customers are often attracted.

How many mm in a linear meter

As already mentioned, one linear meter is equal to one standard meter. It turns out that there are 1000 mm in 1 linear meter.

Cheat sheet

So, to make it easier to understand the units of measurement, they can be summarized in one table, in which their relationship will be visible, and it will be possible to quite easily convert one unit to another.

What does the term "square meter" mean?

This unit is designed to calculate the area of ​​a square, each side of which will be 1 meter. To determine the size of the area, you need to multiply the height and length of the product. The short form used for designation is square. m.

Today this unit is found almost everywhere in our lives. The most obvious example is the dimensions of a living space. In other words, if we are talking about an apartment of 16 m2, then the floor area is equal to this value.

The square meter is most often found in the construction industry. To determine the area of ​​a wall that is 6 m long and 4 m high, you simply need to multiply six by four. It turns out that the wall area is 24 m2.

Linear meter of kitchen

Manufacturers of kitchen furniture often indicate its basic cost not per set, but per linear meter. Thanks to this conventional unit, when drawing up an individual project, you can quickly calculate the approximate cost of the entire kitchen by multiplying its estimated length by the price per 1 linear meter. m.

Linear meter of kitchen

Video – Linear meter of kitchen

The basic kitchen package usually includes a set of cabinets and cabinets of standard height with the simplest finish, as well as the minimum necessary fittings. When drawing up an individual project, the cost per linear meter of the kitchen may change.

Basic kitchen equipment

The basic package does not include:

• built-in appliances;
• sink and faucet;
• hood;
• cornice, lighting panel;
• wall panels, apron;
• wall plinth.

Postforming countertops can also be calculated separately, not by the number of linear meters of the kitchen, but by the number of slabs used for its manufacture; this nuance also needs to be clarified with the manufacturer.

Postforming tabletop

The final cost of the kitchen is also affected by:

• Non-standard width and height of cabinets and cabinets;
• additional fittings, components;
• choice of other fittings, facade finishing, countertop material;
• calling specialists to install a kitchen and other additional services.

Technology for calculating kitchens by linear meters

To make the calculation, you need a floor plan indicating the dimensions, as well as the price of 1 linear meter. m. kitchen of the selected model.

Step 1. Choose a method for arranging furniture depending on the size and layout of the room, as well as personal preferences.

Ways to arrange furniture in the kitchen

Step 2. Draw a furniture arrangement plan. Indicate on the plan household appliances - oven, refrigerator, washing machine, dishwasher, extractor hood.

Is it possible to calculate the cost of a kitchen by the number of linear meters?

A linear meter is a conventional unit of measurement of its length. This concept is used when purchasing a kitchen set in linear meters for an approximate calculation of its cost. This is a kitchen set in which each subsequent meter uses the same amount of material in value terms as the previous one, and differs only in the different spatial arrangement of structural elements.

In this case, the task of selecting and determining the approximate cost of a set is much simplified, using this concept for the kitchen. To do this, you need to know the average price of 1 linear meter of headset.

This way you can approximately calculate the price of any similar kitchen, knowing its overall width dimensions.

For example, 1 linear meter of a kitchen is equal to 1,500 rubles, then a kitchen whose size is 2.5 linear meters will cost: 2.5 × 1,500 = 3,750 rubles.

To determine the number of linear meters of the kitchen, we measure its length, where a kitchen set of a certain width will be installed. We take measurements along the baseboard.

The range of modern kitchens is so wide that calculating the average price for them makes no sense. This is especially true for the custom order market. Kitchens that are completely similar on the outside can vary significantly in cost only due to the use of different fittings.

Areas of application (activities, materials)

The following materials, which are sold in rolls, are often measured in linear meters:

• linoleum, carpet;
• various types of fabrics;
• natural, artificial leather;
• cables, electrical wires;
• seals for windows;
• polyethylene film;
• oilcloth for household needs;
• plastic, metal mesh for vegetable garden;
• curtains, curtains, tulle;
• rope.

In addition, the price for moldings is set for the following types of products:

• metal pipes of various sections;
• rails, channels, angles;
• edged board;
• profiled sheet;
• many types of furniture (kitchen wall);
• baseboards;
• finishing border made of decorative rope, paper, foam.

Also, this unit of measurement is often found in the work of builders, in calculations when providing the following services:

• production of gazebos, canopies, pergolas;
• wallpapering, wall painting;
• installation of a fence made of corrugated sheets, slate, polycarbonate;
• finishing slopes around windows;
• filling mesh under plaster;
• covering the walls with a primer.

When ordering furniture for a kitchen, bedroom or living room, many are faced not with the final cost of the product, but with the price of the moldings. There's nothing wrong with that. On the contrary, sizing calculations are much easier to do.

Save, but don't be greedy

The sizes, of course, are selected based on the need to eliminate the appearance of unused scraps, or to reduce their volume to a minimum.

However, on the other hand, it should be noted that when calculating the amount of any materials needed for repairs, you should not do this “back to back”: this method can greatly let the master down, so it is always necessary to keep in mind the so-called allowances.

linear meter – the average price of a meter in length. Used when calculating the cost of a custom-made product per 1 meter

Linear meter of kitchen

– a meter in length, this is the CONVENTIONAL UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR A KITCHEN of a standard small kitchen with a minimum set of elements. This means a conditional price per meter, which usually includes: a kitchen made of chipboard, without finishing, with minimal internal filling of cabinets, lower and upper cabinets with hinged doors, 1 shelf, countertop, strip for hanging shelves. Sometimes they include a plinth, handles, and a plinth.

Before buying a kitchen

• We ask what this store includes in a standard linear meter and what height is the standard;
• Measure the length of your kitchen and choose the height!
• We multiply the length of the kitchen by a linear meter at the selected height.

A linear meter of kitchen is a meter of kitchen furniture installed along the wall

Often the length is called the width of the kitchen and vice versa, but it is important to understand that this is the kitchen from one end to the other when you look at it from the front. (left to right or right to left)

That is, the longest part of the kitchen (length).

How do sellers initially calculate the linear meter of a kitchen? A standard kitchen with a minimum set of drawers, minimum height and minimum length and width is taken and its cost is calculated, then divided by meters. (For example, a 3×2 kitchen costs 10,000 rubles, then a linear meter will cost 3,333 rubles, respectively, if there are more meters, and drawers and height of the kitchen, a different material, then the price will be higher.) The length of the kitchen is multiplied by the cost of the linear meter , which each store sets according to its own rules.

Manufacturers often include the simplest and cheapest materials in the kitchen linear meter.

The cost of a linear meter of kitchen does NOT include

lighting panel, plinth, cornice, wall panel, wall plinth, sinks, ovens.

Story

In Europe, since the collapse of Charlemagne's empire, there have been no common standard measures of length: they could be standardized within one jurisdiction (which was often the size of a single market town), but there were no uniform measures, and each region could have its own. The reason for this was, to some extent, that measures of length were used in taxation (tax, for example, could be measured in a certain length of linen), and since each local ruler introduced his own taxes, laws established their own units of measurement for the corresponding area [8] .

universal measure”

, as the English philosopher and linguist John Wilkins called it in his 1668 essay [9]) or the “Catholic meter” (
metro cattolico)
of the Italian scientist and inventor Tito Livio Burattini from his 1675 work
Misura Universale
[10]), a measure that would be based on some natural phenomenon, and not on the decree of a person in power, and which would be decimal, which would replace the many different number systems, for example, the common duodecimal, that simultaneously existed at that time.

Meter is the length of the pendulum

Wilkins's idea was to choose for the unit of length the length of a pendulum with a half-period of oscillation equal to 1 s. Similar pendulums had recently been demonstrated by Christiaan Huygens, and their length was very close to the length of the modern meter (as well as to the units of length used at that time, such as the yard). However, it was soon discovered that the length measured in this way differed depending on the location of the measurements. French astronomer Jean Richet, during an expedition to South America (1671-1673), discovered an increase in the period of oscillation of the second pendulum compared to that observed in Paris. During his observations, the pendulum calibrated in Paris was shortened by 1.25 French lines (

2.81 mm), in order to avoid a time lag of 2 minutes per day. This was the first direct evidence of a decrease in gravity as one approaches the equator, and it gave a difference of 0.3% in length between Cayenne (in French Guiana) and Paris [11].

Until the French Revolution of 1789, there was no progress in establishing a “universal measure”. France was concerned about the issue of distributing length units; the need for reform in this area was supported by a variety of political forces. Talleyrand revived the idea of ​​a seconds pendulum and proposed it to the Constituent Assembly in 1790, with the clarification that the standard of length would be measured at latitude 45° N (approximately between Bordeaux and Grenoble). Thus, the meter received the following definition: a meter is the length of a pendulum with a half-period of oscillation at a latitude of 45° equal to 1 s (in SI units this length is g

/π² (1 s) 2 ≈ 0.994 m).

Initially, this definition was adopted as the basis (May 8, 1790, French National Assembly). But despite the support of the assembly, as well as the support of Great Britain and the newly formed United States, Talleyrand's proposal was never implemented [12].

The meter is part of the Paris meridian

The issue of reform of units of measurement was submitted to the French Academy of Sciences, which created a special commission headed by the engineer and mathematician Jean-Charles de Borda. Borda was an ardent supporter of the transition to the decimal system: he improved the dial of the repeating theodolite, which made it possible to greatly improve the accuracy of measuring angles on the ground, and insisted that the instrument be calibrated in grads (1 ⁄100 quarter circle), rather than in degrees, so that the grad was divided for 100 minutes, and a minute for 100 seconds [13] . For Borda, the second pendulum method was an unsatisfactory solution because it was based on the then existing second, a non-decimal unit that was not suitable for the proposed decimal time system - a system where there are 10 hours in a day, 100 minutes in an hour, and 100 minutes in a minute. 100 seconds.

Instead of the second pendulum method, the commission - whose members included Joseph Louis Lagrange, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Gaspard Monge and Condorcet - decided that the new unit of measurement should be equal to one ten-millionth of the distance from the North Pole to the equator (a quarter of the Earth's circumference), measured along the meridian , passing through Paris [12]. Besides the advantage that this solution gave easy access to French surveyors, there was the important advantage that part of the distance from Dunkirk to Barcelona (about 1000 km, that is, one tenth of the total distance) could be laid out from starting and ending points located at sea ​​level, and precisely this part was located in the middle of the quarter circle, where the influence of the shape of the Earth, which is not a regular sphere, but flattened, would be greatest [12].

On March 30, 1791, a proposal to define the meter in terms of the length of the meridian was accepted as follows: one forty-millionth of the Paris meridian (that is, one ten-millionth of the distance from the north pole to the equator along the surface of the earth's ellipsoid at the longitude of Paris). Interestingly, in modern units this is 1 1,000 000 000 05 000,000,000.05>>> meters. The idea of ​​tying a unit of length to the Earth's meridian was not new: the nautical mile and league had previously been defined in a similar way.

The newly defined unit received the name “genuine and final meter” (French metre vrai et définitif) [1].

On April 7, 1795, the National Convention adopted a law introducing the metric system in France and instructed commissioners, which included S. O. Coulon, J. L. Lagrange, P.-S. Laplace and other scientists, carry out work on the experimental determination of units of length and mass. In 1792-1797, by decision of the revolutionary Convention, the French scientists Delambre (1749-1822) and Mechain (1744-1804) measured the 9°40′ arc of the Paris meridian from Dunkirk to Barcelona in 6 years, laying a chain of 115 triangles across the whole of France and part of Spain. Subsequently, however, it turned out that due to incorrect consideration of the polar compression of the Earth, the standard turned out to be 0.2 mm shorter; thus, the length of the meridian is only approximately 40,000 km.

The first prototype of the meter standard was made of brass in 1795.

It should be noted that the unit of mass (the kilogram, the definition of which was based on the mass of 1 dm³ of water), was also tied to the definition of the meter.

In 1799, a meter standard was made from platinum, the length of which corresponded to one forty millionth of the Paris meridian [14].

During Napoleon's reign, the metric system spread to many countries in Europe. The benefits of its use were so obvious that even after Napoleon was removed from power, the adoption of metric units continued [15]:

• 1816 - Belgium and Holland;
• 1832 - Portugal;
• 1849 - Spain and Greece;
• 1870 - Germany;
• 1873 - Austria;
• 1875 - Switzerland.

By the end of the 19th century, of the large countries, only Great Britain (and its colonies), the USA, Russia, China and the Ottoman Empire remained traditional measures of length.

The metric system was based on the meter as a unit of length and the kilogram as a unit of mass, which was introduced by the “Metric Convention” adopted at the International Diplomatic Conference of 17 states (Russia, France, Great Britain, USA, Germany, Italy, etc.) on May 20, 1875 [16] .

In 1889, a more accurate international standard meter was produced. This standard is made of an alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium [17] and has an “X” shaped cross section. Copies of it were deposited in countries where the meter was accepted as the standard unit of length.

Further development

In 1960, it was decided to abandon the use of a man-made object as a standard for the meter, and from that time until 1983, the meter was defined as the number 1,650,763.73 multiplied by the wavelength of the orange line (6,056 Å) of the spectrum emitted by the krypton isotope 86 Kr in a vacuum. After the adoption of the new definition, the platinum-iridium prototype of the meter continues to be stored at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures under the same conditions as defined in 1889. However, now its status has become different: the length of the prototype is no longer considered exactly equal to 1 m and its actual value must be determined experimentally. The prototype is no longer used for its original purpose.

By the mid-1970s, significant progress had been made in determining the speed of light. Suffice it to say that if in 1926 the error of the most accurate measurements at that time, carried out by A. Michelson, was 4000 m/s [18], then in 1972 it was reported that the error had decreased down to 1.1 m/s [19]. After repeated verification of the result obtained in various laboratories, the XV General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1975 recommended using as the value of the speed of light in vacuum a value equal to 299,792,458 m/s with a relative error of 4 10 −9, which corresponds to an absolute error of 1 .2 m/s [20] . Subsequently, in 1983, it was this value that the XVII General Conference on Weights and Measures formed the basis for a new definition of the meter [2].

Definitions of meter since 1795 [21]

What does square meter mean?

We know what this unit of measurement is from our school desks. And remember that a square meter is needed to measure the area of ​​various figures. And in fact, this measure is relevant for measuring any building materials and furniture. And if the width of the product practically does not affect the linear meter, then for a square meter this value is of great importance. For example, you need to lay linoleum in a room 3 meters long and 2.5 meters wide. Through simple mathematical calculations we find out that the cut is 2.5 * 3 = 7.5 square meters.

This unit measures:

• room area;
• area of ​​flooring surfaces;
• area of ​​facing materials;
• area occupied by furniture.

As for furniture, this unit of measurement is especially relevant for small kitchens, where the area of ​​the furniture plays a very important role.

How much is a linear meter?

What goods are measured by linear meters? A linear meter is a unit of measurement of the length of such goods:

• for which, when selling, the values ​​of width, height or cross-section diameter do not matter;
• which, when used, require joining of its fragments together;
• intended for fencing, for example, metal fences or fences made of other materials.

Such goods in stores come in the form of rolls, reels, slabs, etc. For example:

1. in the form of rolls there are:
   • carpets,

   asbestos sheet,

2. linoleum,
3. fabrics,
4. artificial turf coverings,
5. polyethylene film
6. and etc.;
7. in the form of bobbins there are:
   • cables,

   wires,

8. threads,
9. and etc.;
10. in the form of slabs/cuts there are:
    • facing stones,

    laminate,

11. plywood,
12. furniture material,
13. and etc.
14. in the form of long “sticks” there are:
    • skirting boards,

    cornices,

15. flooring boards,
16. slats,
17. and etc.

In order to not make a mistake in correctly determining the quantity of this product when purchasing the product you need, measured in linear meters, you must know exactly the parameters of the room, product, material for which you are purchasing this product.

How to correctly calculate the quantity of goods? Below are examples of calculations.

Calculation when purchasing carpet

Let's say you want to buy carpet for a room with an area of ​​20 m2 (5 m long and 4 m wide)

It is important for you that the length of the room is completely covered; as for the width, it is acceptable that there may be places at the edges of the room that are not covered. You come to the store and in front of you there is a large selection of carpets, how can you navigate the situation correctly?

The peculiarity of choosing a carpet is that it must be a single piece, without joining, so the selection criterion should be its width.

Thus, you should buy 5 m of the covering whose width suits you best.

Calculation for the purchase of linoleum

You go to buy linoleum for the kitchen, 2.5 m wide and 5 m long. In the store you can see rolls of different widths: 1.5 m, 2.0 m and 2.5 m. How much linoleum should you buy? You should choose linoleum 2.5 meters wide (i.e. the width of the kitchen) and buy it in 5 linear meters and cover the kitchen floor in one piece. But this is the ideal case when the width of the linoleum matches the width of the kitchen.

What to do if the kitchen is 3 meters wide? In this case, you cannot cover the floor with one piece. We have to think about how to join the two pieces. This means that for this you need to take 10 linear meters from a roll 1.5 m wide (or ask the seller to cut two pieces of 5 linear meters each, so that you don’t have to cut it yourself later). In this case, the joint will run exactly in the middle of the kitchen. Linoleum can be laid not only in its length, but also in its width, thus varying the location of the seam and the amount of linoleum depending on the area of ​​the surface to be covered.

Calculation for purchasing fabrics

As for fabrics, there are also some nuances associated with linear footage.

Let's say you need to buy tulle for a curtain for a window paired with a door opening onto the balcony. The calculation will be as follows: the width of the roll will be the length of your curtain, and for the width of the curtain we must take double the width of the window (including the folds). Thus, with a window and door width of 3 m, you need to buy 6 lm of curtain.

Calculation for the purchase of polyethylene film for greenhouse equipment

In order to buy plastic film for greenhouse equipment, you need to draw on paper in the correct scale each fragment of the greenhouse that should be covered with film. Then calculate all their parameters: length and width, add them up and calculate the required amount of film. Don’t forget the extra amount for attaching the film to the greenhouse fragments

When purchasing polyethylene film, you need to pay attention to the fact that the film in a roll, as a rule, is double, which means that when purchasing, the required figure must be divided by 2

Calculation for the purchase of skirting boards and cornices

To purchase skirting boards or cornices, you need to measure the perimeter of the floor and ceiling, taking into account the protrusions of beams, niches, etc. By summing up all the dimensions, you can determine how many linear meters of skirting boards or cornices you need.

Calculation for purchasing an electrical wire or cable

Let's say you need to calculate how many linear meters of wire you will need to lay electrical wiring in a country cottage. There are two ways:

• according to the finished electrical diagram;
• by the area of ​​the cottage.

The first option is more competent, since in this case you will know exactly what cross-section the cable will be connected to, to what points and for what purposes. Based on this, you can accurately calculate how many linear meters of which cable and with what cross-section you will need. At the same time, you need to remember about the installation margin. Usually, at least 2 m must be added to the total number of required items.

The second option is very simple: you need to determine the total area of ​​the house and multiply it by two and add 2 m2 as a margin.

Multiples and submultiples

In accordance with the full official description of the SI contained in the current edition of the SI Brochure (French Brochure SI, English The SI Brochure), published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), decimal multiples and submultiples of meters are formed using standard SI prefixes [ 5] . “Regulations on units of quantities allowed for use in the Russian Federation”, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation, provides for the use of the same prefixes in the Russian Federation [6].

Examples of using multiples and submultiples

what is a linear meter of pipe in Lipetsk

Company City Metall Lipetsk

However, even three hundred years ago Russia had fairly high rates of rolled metal production. Remember from your school history course - after all, it was then that Tsar Peter began to develop the Ural iron ore deposits.

Experts distinguish the following main types of these products: - ferrous rolled metal. This type is represented by various products made of steel of different grades, as well as cast iron. — non-ferrous rolled metal. In this direction, all products are made of non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum, zinc, etc.) or their alloys.

In addition to this classification based on origin, the following types of rolled metal are also distinguished.

• pipe The name itself speaks for itself - all products from this group are pipes of different shapes and sizes.
• varietal This type of rolled metal is represented by products of different shapes, ranging from wire rod to hexagon.
• shaped. Here you can highlight products such as a corner or a channel.
• sheet - represented by sheets of various metals.

In addition to pipes and steel sheets, we offer galvanized sheets, a variety of fittings, wire, road mesh and many other rolled metal products. If metal cutting is required, we will do it in our warehouse in accordance with the client’s requirements.

Next, you select the product size.

To make the calculator easier to use, we have developed an interactive search bar that will make it easier to select product sizes

If it is round steel, then the list shows the diameters (rebar 10, 12, etc., circle).

If you want to know the weight of the pipe, then pay attention to the wall thickness.

To find out the weight of the sheet, you need to select the thickness, and then the weight will be calculated per square meters.